{"id":2704,"date":"2020-12-09T19:06:14","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T01:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/?p=2704"},"modified":"2020-12-11T14:43:23","modified_gmt":"2020-12-11T20:43:23","slug":"contributions-de-dose-annuelle-des-niveaux-typiques-de-radon-a-linterieur-de-batiments-1ere-partie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/fr\/2020\/12\/09\/contributions-de-dose-annuelle-des-niveaux-typiques-de-radon-a-linterieur-de-batiments-1ere-partie\/","title":{"rendered":"Contributions de dose annuelle des niveaux typiques de radon \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de b\u00e2timents (1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> partie)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"#resume\"><input class=\"search-submit\" type=\"submit\" value=\"R\u00e9sum\u00e9\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Radiation protection specialists are used to thinking of radiation in terms of dose. Radon, on the other hand, is normally referred to in terms of its concentration in air, or in terms of its contribution to overall annual dose as part of natural background radiation. But how important, exactly, is radon\u2019s contribution to annual dose?<\/p>\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/nuclearsafety.gc.ca\/eng\/resources\/fact-sheets\/natural-background-radiation.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Canadian\u00a0Nuclear Safety\u00a0Commission<\/a> (CNSC), inhaled radiation from radon makes up approximately half of the average Canadian\u2019s annual effective dose from natural background radiation (0.9 mSv\/year of an average 1.8 mSv\/year). In some cities, it\u2019s estimated to be substantially more, up to 78% in cities such as Winnipeg (3.2 mSv\/year of a total 4.1 mSv\/year).<\/p>\n<p>While these estimates might be helpful as a general reference and a starting point, it\u2019s well known that radon levels in indoor environments vary enormously depending on many factors, and actual effective doses will vary greatly from case to case.<\/p>\n<p>Given that the only way to know the indoor radon level in a building is to measure it, let\u2019s calculate the actual annual effective dose from radon at several different measured concentrations. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, many Canadians are now working and attending school from home, which means estimating exposures has never been simpler.<\/p>\n<p>For this exercise, let\u2019s consider three people working or studying from home, who each spend approximately 22 hours per day indoors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Person A\u2019s home tested at half the current Canadian guideline level, 100 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Person B\u2019s home tested at exactly the current Canadian guideline level, 200 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Person C lives in Dauphin, MB, where homes tested at 557 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The community of Dauphin, MB, participated in Take Action on Radon\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/takeactiononradon.ca\/100-radon-test-kit-challenge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">100 Radon Test Kit Challenge<\/a> from the fall of 2019 to the spring of 2020. Eighty-seven homes were tested for radon, and 557 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup> represents the <em>average<\/em> of all the radon levels measured.<\/p>\n<p>Using a conversion factor of a 1 mSv\/year effective dose as equal to 300 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>-3<\/sup>, as per Health Canada\u2019s publication <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/environmental-workplace-health\/reports-publications\/radiation\/reducing-radon-levels-existing-homes-canadian-guide-professional-contractors-health-canada-2010.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Reducing Radon in Existing Homes: a Canadian Guide for Professional Contractors<\/em><\/a>, the annual effective dose may be calculated as follows:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Person A (100 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup>)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"table-layout: auto; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;\">(22 hours\/day)(365 days\/year)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\">8,030 hours\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; width: 100%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;\">(8,030 hours\/year)(<strong>100 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\">803,000 Bq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\"><strong>803 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>\/year<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; width: 100%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;\">(803 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>\/year)[(1 mSv\/year)\/(300 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>)]<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\"><strong>2.67 mSv\/year<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; width: 100%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Person B (200 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"table-layout: auto; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;\">(22 hours\/day)(365 days\/year)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\">8,030 hours\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; width: 100%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;\">(8,030 hours\/year)(<strong>200 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\">1,606,000 Bq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\"><strong>1,606 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>\/year<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; width: 100%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;\">(1,606 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>\/year)[(1 mSv\/year)\/(300 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>)]<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\"><strong>5.35 mSv\/year<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; width: 100%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Person C (557 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"table-layout: auto; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;\">(22 hours\/day)(365 days\/year)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\">8,030 hours\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; width: 100%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;\">(8,030 hours\/year)(<strong>557 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\">4,472,710 Bq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\"><strong>4,472.71 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>\/year<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; width: 100%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;\">(4,472.71 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>\/year)[(1 mSv\/year)\/(300 kBq\u2022h\u2022m<sup>\u22123<\/sup>)]<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\">=<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;\"><strong>14.9 mSv\/year<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; white-space: nowrap;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: none; width: 100%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For context, let\u2019s compare these calculated annual exposures and doses to some common examples taken from a Health Canada <em>Radiation<\/em> <em>dose examples<\/em> illustration (Figure 1):<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2688 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/radiation-dose-examples2-eng.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"833\" height=\"699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/radiation-dose-examples2-eng.png 833w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/radiation-dose-examples2-eng-300x252.png 300w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/radiation-dose-examples2-eng-768x644.png 768w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/radiation-dose-examples2-eng-720x604.png 720w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/radiation-dose-examples2-eng-520x436.png 520w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/radiation-dose-examples2-eng-320x269.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 1:<\/strong> Examples of typical doses received and dose limits for workers and the public.<br \/>\n(source: <a href=\"https:\/\/nuclearsafety.gc.ca\/fra\/resources\/fact-sheets\/understanding-radiation.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Person A<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lives in a home at half the Canadian guideline level, or 100 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Has an effective dose of 2.67 mSv\/year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This is in line with the existing estimates for background radiation as quoted by CNSC. Those estimates run from a mere 0.4 mSv\/year annual inhalation dose in Vancouver up to a more considerable 3.2 mSv\/year in Winnipeg.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Person B<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lives in a home right at the Canadian guideline level of 200 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Has an effective dose of 5.35 mSv\/year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>According to the radiation dose examples in Figure 1, this is nearing the typical 7 mSv dose received during a chest CT scan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Person C<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lives in an average home in Dauphin, MB, at 557 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Has an effective dose of 14.9 mSv\/year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This is equivalent to more than two 7 mSv chest CT scans per year. There aren\u2019t any other examples in this range provided by CNSC, but if we look at Person C\u2019s five-year dose (14.9 mSv\/year \u00d7 5 years = 74.5 mSv), we see that, simply by virtue of where they happen to live (in a home with average radon levels for their town) this person is approaching the five-year dose limit for nuclear energy workers (100 mSv).<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusions<\/h2>\n<p>What conclusions can we draw from this exercise? It may be tempting to assume that these calculations overestimate the importance of radon exposure, either by inflating the number of hours spent at home, or by using reference radon levels that are well above the Canadian average. However, spending most of the day at home is a reality for an increasing number of Canadians.<\/p>\n<p>Allowing for two entire hours spent outside the home daily (running errands, walking the dog, etc.) seems to be a reasonable starting point, but this could easily be adjusted if a more representative number of hours was decided upon.<\/p>\n<p>As for the radon levels used in these examples, these are pertinent, real-world numbers. Both 100\u00a0Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup> and 200 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup> are important decision-making thresholds for many Canadians. Even for Person C, living in Dauphin, MB, we used only the <em>average<\/em> radon level from Take Action on Radon\u2019s recent 100 Radon Test Kit Challenge for calculation purposes; the highest indoor radon levels recorded in Dauphin were in the thousands of becquerels per cubic metre.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s worth noting that the 100 Radon Test Kit Challenge has gathered thousands of data points since its inception in 2018, and this data suggests that a larger percentage of Canadian homes may be above the Canadian guideline level than is currently thought.<\/p>\n<p>Of the three examples in this exercise, only Person A had a calculated annual effective dose that fell within the range quoted by CNSC for annual inhaled radiation. This suggests that for many Canadians, including many living below the Canadian guideline level of 200 Bq\/m<sup>3<\/sup>, inhaled radiation from radon makes up well over half of the average annual effective dose from natural background radiation (as is currently assumed).<\/p>\n<p>Have you tested your home for radon? No matter the average radon levels in your region of the country, every home needs to test! For more information on radon, visit <a href=\"http:\/\/www.TakeActiononRadon.ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Take Action on Radon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 5px 5px 5px; background-color: #eeeeee; border: #dddddd 2px solid;\">\n<h4 id=\"resume\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9 : <strong>Contributions de dose annuelle des niveaux typiques de radon \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de b\u00e2timents (1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> partie) <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Selon la Commission canadienne de s\u00fbret\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire (CCSN), le rayonnement du radon inhal\u00e9 par le Canadien moyen constitue environ la moiti\u00e9 de la dose efficace annuelle provenant du rayonnement ambiant naturel. M\u00eame que dans certaines villes, on estime que cette quantit\u00e9 est nettement sup\u00e9rieure. Dans son article, Erin Curry, directrice r\u00e9gionale de l&rsquo;Association canadienne des scientifiques et des technologues en radon (ACSTR), nous pr\u00e9sente quelques donn\u00e9es r\u00e9elles pertinentes en calculant la dose efficace annuelle de radon en diff\u00e9rentes concentrations mesur\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 10px 10px 0 10px; background-color: #eeeeee; border: #dddddd 2px solid;\">\n<h2><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Erin-Curry_headshot-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"125\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Erin-Curry_headshot-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Erin-Curry_headshot-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Erin-Curry_headshot.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px\" \/><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Erin Curry<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Erin Curry est ing\u00e9nieure m\u00e9canique et dirigeait auparavant sa propre entreprise d\u2019inspection de b\u00e2timents et de mesure du radon. Elle est pr\u00e9sentement directrice r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019Association canadienne des scientifiques et des technologues en radon (ACSTR) et chef de projet du programme \u00ab\u00a0Occupe-toi du radon\u00a0\u00bb. Pour soutenir les membres de l\u2019ACSTR, Erin apporte une richesse de connaissances et d\u2019exp\u00e9riences pratiques. Localis\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Montr\u00e9al, au Qu\u00e9bec, Erin est la ressource francophone pour toutes les initiatives de l\u2019ACSTR.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px; background-color: #eeeeee; border: #dddddd 2px solid;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #e93b25;\">Do you want to read more articles like this?<\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<em>Bulletin\u00a0<\/em>is published by the Canadian\u00a0Radiation Protection Association\u00a0(CRPA). It\u2019s a must-read\u00a0publication for radiation protection\u00a0professionals in Canada. The editorial\u00a0content delivers the insights,\u00a0information, advice, and valuable\u00a0solutions that radiation\u00a0protection professionals need to stay at the forefront\u00a0of their profession.<\/p>\n<p>Sign up today and we\u2019ll send you an email each time a new edition goes live. In between issues,\u00a0check back\u00a0often for updates and new articles.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t miss an issue. Subscribe now!<\/p>\n<a class=\"maxbutton-1 maxbutton maxbutton-subscribe\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Subscribe now!\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/mailchi.mp\/b23b686589a3\/crpaacrp-subscriptions\"><span class='mb-text'>Subscribe<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selon la Commission canadienne de s\u00fbret\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire (CCSN), le rayonnement du radon inhal\u00e9 par le Canadien moyen constitue environ la moiti\u00e9 de la dose efficace annuelle provenant du rayonnement ambiant naturel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":2702,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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