{"id":3748,"date":"2022-02-14T16:44:27","date_gmt":"2022-02-14T22:44:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/?p=3748"},"modified":"2022-06-07T16:11:51","modified_gmt":"2022-06-07T22:11:51","slug":"soyons-clairs-communication-des-risques-pour-les-professionnels-de-la-radioprotection-soyez-clairs-concis-et-convaincants-partie-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/fr\/2022\/02\/14\/soyons-clairs-communication-des-risques-pour-les-professionnels-de-la-radioprotection-soyez-clairs-concis-et-convaincants-partie-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Soyons clairs : Communication des risques pour les professionnels de la radioprotection \u2013 Soyez clairs, concis et convaincants (Partie 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"#resume\"><input class=\"search-submit\" type=\"submit\" value=\"R\u00e9sum\u00e9\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3796 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Risk-Meter-Fr-1024x618.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Risk-Meter-Fr-1024x618.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Risk-Meter-Fr-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Risk-Meter-Fr-768x464.png 768w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Risk-Meter-Fr-1536x928.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Risk-Meter-Fr-720x435.png 720w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Risk-Meter-Fr-520x314.png 520w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Risk-Meter-Fr-320x193.png 320w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Risk-Meter-Fr.png 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>There are a broad range of professions that routinely interact with ionizing radiation, which means the work of radiation safety professionals is also wide ranging. Regardless of what industry you work in\u2014medicine, science and research, nuclear power, mining, construction, waste management, etc.\u2014the one constant is the need to protect workers and to help them understand and respects the risks when they are exposed to radiation.<\/p>\n<h2>What is risk?<\/h2>\n<p>In very simple terms, risk is the possibility of something (usually something bad) happening. By its very definition, risk is uncertain. That\u2019s why clarity is especially important when communicating about risk.<br \/>\nFollowing is a compilation of advice and best practices from some prominent North American organizations to help you clearly deliver compelling messages and help your audiences understand radiation-related risk.<\/p>\n<h2>What is risk communication?<\/h2>\n<p>Risk communication is about communicating effectively when something has been identified as a risk. In their Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) manual, the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) describe risk communication as the means through which a \u201ccommunicator hopes to provide . . . information about the expected type (good or bad) and magnitude (weak or strong) of an outcome from a behavior or exposure\u201d (pg.7).<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Typically, risk communication is about a bad outcome and the probability of it occurring. Often it is used to help someone make an informed choice about the risk, such as whether or not to undergo a medical treatment.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Effective risk communication can not only help prepare people for possible outcomes, but it can also suggest appropriate actions to reduce the risk. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) defines risk communication as \u201cthe essential link between risk analysis, risk management, and the public\u201d (pg. 1).<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>They warn that effective risk communication is about more than simply crafting messages. \u201cRisk managers need to consider risk communication as an important and integral aspect of risk management. In some instances, risk communication will, in fact, change the risk management process itself.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Risk communication concerns might, for example, determine<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>what kinds of analyses of risks and benefits are performed,<\/li>\n<li>how risk assessments are summarized,<\/li>\n<li>what options are explored, and<\/li>\n<li>who is consulted when exploring possible courses of action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Barriers to effective communication<\/h2>\n<p>Risk communication also comes with an increased likelihood of miscommunication. The people receiving risk communication are often given complex information that can be hard to understand.<\/p>\n<p>According to Public Health Ontario, some of the issues that compound problems when communicating risk include:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 use of jargon,<br \/>\n\u2022 concerns about the motives of interested parties, and<br \/>\n\u2022 apparent disagreements among \u201cexperts.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>These concerns can make it difficult for people to know who to trust, where to go for credible information, and what actions to take.<\/p>\n<h2>Consider the perspectives of your target audience<\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<h4>\u201cIt is not enough for a communicator to just listen to stakeholder concerns; we have to actively investigate them, understand them, respect them (or at least take them seriously), and use them to shape our communication plan.\u201d<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">~\u00a0Himsworth, Byers, and Gardy<br \/>\nSandman\u2019s Hazard x Outrage framework (in <em>The Mission, the Message, and the Medium<\/em>, pg. 18)\u00a0<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The foundation for effective risk communication (all communication, really) is understanding your audience and tailoring your communication to meet their needs.<\/p>\n<p>Risk messages are often based on the information prepared for internal purposes (e.g., to determine whether a particular risk exists or what risk management option to choose). That information typically reflects the knowledge, perspectives, priorities, and language of experts, which is not usually appropriate for non-expert audiences.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>For example, according to NRC, \u201ca primary challenge to effective risk communication is the difference between how the NRC and the public define or perceive risk. The NRC\u2019s assessment of risk balances the likelihood of an occurrence against its possible consequences. The public\u2019s perception of risk, however, is based on the probability that something bad will happen, compounded by aspects of the situation that they find upsetting\u201d (pg. 1).<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the <em>Technical Basis for the NRC&rsquo;s Guidelines for External Risk Communication<\/em>, the authors remind communicators that, how someone feels about specific risks is determined by a variety of factors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>whether or not the risk is assumed voluntarily<\/li>\n<li>How much control those exposed can exercise over the risk<\/li>\n<li>the extent to which those exposed might also benefit from the risk (e.g., radiation risk in healthcare)<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[6]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>After all, what is considered an \u201cacceptable risk\u201d is often a value question, not a technical question. For example, even when you successfully explain a technical assessment of potential health and safety consequences, the public may still find the risk unacceptable.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Based on these challenges, NRC urges communicators to consider the perspectives of their target audience:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What do they know or not know about the risk and ways to control it?<\/li>\n<li>What are their perceptions of the risk?<\/li>\n<li>What concerns might they have?<\/li>\n<li>What do they need to know to make decisions?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>People receive information about risks from many different sources\u2014friends and family, social media, news media, advocacy or public interest groups, government agencies, etc. These different sources often present inconsistent or even conflicting views about how significant the risk is and what should be done about it.<\/p>\n<p>As a risk communicator, one of your biggest challenges might be showing empathy for the perceptions of your intended audience. NRC reminds communicators that legitimacy is inherently reciprocal. \u201cOnly if a source acknowledges the legitimacy of the audience\u2019s felt concerns will it have a chance to be seen as legitimate itself.\u00a0\u00bb<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>And CDC notes that, \u201cin low-trust, high-concern situations, empathy and caring carry more weight than numbers and technical facts\u201d (pg.37).<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>You must demonstrate concern for your audience and their perspectives, even if you or your organization consider their position to be incorrect or unfeasible. If you come across as insensitive to their concerns, you risk aggravating the issue or creating apathy.<\/p>\n<h2>Acknowledge uncertainty<\/h2>\n<p>As we acknowledged earlier, risk assessment is not an exact science. So, when you are communicating with the public about risk, be honest about the uncertainties and address the following questions:<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What are the weaknesses of the available data?<\/li>\n<li>What assumptions are the estimates based on?<\/li>\n<li>How sensitive to change are the estimates?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When appropriate, you should also address what steps are being taken to decrease the amount of uncertainty.<\/p>\n<h2>Inform appropriate action<\/h2>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cPeople don\u2019t care about the overall risk, just how it will affect them personally.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">~ NRC Staff Member<br \/>\n<em>Effective Risk Communication<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The central question answered in a risk message should be, \u201cWhat should the recipient know to improve the choice among personal options (including the consequences of doing nothing)?\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>To determine what risk information to emphasize, consider the choices your audience will have to make (e.g., whether or how they might change their behaviour in response to the risk).<\/p>\n<p>Risk communication should emphasize the most important facts to support the choices they have to make. For some decisions, the magnitude of the risk might be the most important aspect; for others, how risks are created or controlled might be more important.<\/p>\n<p>Emphasize the need for appropriate action, be clear about what the action should be, and outline the possible consequences of not acting appropriately.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBe brief, accurate, straightforward, easy to understand, and consistent.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Use plain language<\/h2>\n<p>There are a number of things you can do to improve the clarity of your risk communication. Chief among them is to use language that is appropriate for your audience. To find out more about how to use plain language for more effective risk communication, watch for part II of this article in our March issue.<\/p>\n<h2>Footnotes<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), <a href=\"https:\/\/emergency.cdc.gov\/cerc\/ppt\/CERC_Introduction.pdf\"><em>Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication: 2018 Update<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrc.gov\/reading-rm\/doc-collections\/nuregs\/brochures\/br0318\/s1\/quick-ref-guide.pdf\"><em>The NRC\u2019s Guidelines for Risk Communication Quick Reference Guide<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> National Research Council (US) Committee on Risk Perception and Communication, <em>Improving Risk Communication<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK218578\/\">Chapter 7: Recommendations for Improving Risk Communication<\/a>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Public Health Ontario, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publichealthontario.ca\/-\/media\/documents\/f\/2016\/fundamentals-risk-comm.pdf?sc_lang=en\"><em>EOH Fundamentals: Risk Communication<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Chelsea Himsworth, Kaylee Byers, and Jennifer Gardy, <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/missionmessagemedium\/front-matter\/risk-communication\/\"><em>The Mission, the Message, and the Medium: Science and Risk Communication in a Complex World<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrc.gov\/docs\/ML0405\/ML040540526.pdf\"><em>Technical Basis for the NRC&rsquo;s Guidelines for External Risk Communication<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (2014), <em><a href=\"https:\/\/emergency.cdc.gov\/cerc\/ppt\/cerc_2014edition_Copy.pdf\">Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrc.gov\/docs\/ML0406\/ML040690412.pdf\"><em>Effective Risk Communication: The Nuclear Safety Commission\u2019s Guidelines for External Risk Communication<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"resume\" style=\"padding: 8px 5px 5px 5px; background-color: #eeeeee; border: #dddddd 2px solid;\">\n<h4>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<br \/>\nSoyons clairs \u2013 Le langage clair et simple soutient une communication claire et inspire confiance<\/h4>\n<p>Communiquer de l\u2019information technique avec un public de non-initi\u00e9s sans en compromettre l\u2019intention ou l\u2019exactitude peut \u00eatre difficile pour les experts en radioprotection et en physique de la sant\u00e9. Simple et direct, utilisant des mots courants et des phrases courtes, le langage clair peut aider \u00e0 y parvenir. Le langage clair \u00e9tant con\u00e7u pour aider le lectorat \u00e0 comprendre le message sans se laisser distraire par le langage compliqu\u00e9, il n\u2019est pas surprenant que plusieurs organismes de radioprotection encouragent son utilisation. Dans son article, Michelle \u00e9tudie l\u2019utilisation du langage clair dans la radioprotection et fournit des ressources pour vous aider \u00e0 utiliser le langage clair dans vos communications.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 10px 10px 0 10px; background-color: #eeeeee; border: #dddddd 2px solid;\">\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2794\" src=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michelle-bio.jpg\" alt=\"Michelle Boulton\" width=\"125\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michelle-bio.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michelle-bio-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michelle-bio-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px\" \/>Michelle Boulton<\/h2>\n<p>Michelle Boulton est sp\u00e9cialiste de la communication limpide. Elle emploie un langage et un style simples pour aider sa client\u00e8le \u00e0 traduire une information complexe en un contenu que tous peuvent comprendre et utiliser. Avec son \u00e9quipe, elle aide \u00e0 la production du\u00a0<em>Bulletin<\/em>\u00a0de l\u2019ACRP depuis 2007. Pour en savoir plus sur Michelle, allez lire son profil <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/michelle-l-boulton-72347612\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LinkedIn<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px; background-color: #eeeeee; border: #dddddd 2px solid;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #e93b25;\">Do you want to read more articles like this?<\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<em>Bulletin<\/em> is published by the Canadian\u00a0Radiation Protection Association\u00a0(CRPA). It\u2019s a must-read\u00a0publication for radiation protection\u00a0professionals in Canada. The editorial\u00a0content delivers the insights,\u00a0information, advice, and valuable\u00a0solutions that radiation\u00a0protection professionals need to stay at the forefront\u00a0of their profession.<\/p>\n<p>Sign up today and we\u2019ll send you an email each time a new edition goes live. In between issues,\u00a0check back\u00a0often for updates and new articles.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t miss an issue. Subscribe now!<\/p>\n<a class=\"maxbutton-1 maxbutton maxbutton-subscribe\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Subscribe now!\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/mailchi.mp\/b23b686589a3\/crpaacrp-subscriptions\"><span class='mb-text'>Subscribe<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il y a un large \u00e9ventail de professions qui impliquent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des interactions avec les rayonnements ionisants, ce qui signifie que le travail des professionnels de la radioprotection est lui aussi tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9. Peu importe l\u2019industrie dans laquelle vous travaillez, la seule constante est le besoin de prot\u00e9ger les travailleurs et de les aider \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 respecter les risques quand ils sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 un rayonnement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":3750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Soyons clairs : Communication des risques pour les professionnels de la radioprotection \u2013 Soyez clairs, concis et convaincants (Partie 1) - CRPA-ACRP Bulletin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il y a un large \u00e9ventail de professions qui impliquent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des interactions avec les rayonnements ionisants, ce qui signifie que le travail des professionnels de la radioprotection est lui aussi tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9. 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