{"id":5760,"date":"2024-02-05T16:32:33","date_gmt":"2024-02-05T22:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/?p=5760"},"modified":"2024-02-05T16:32:33","modified_gmt":"2024-02-05T22:32:33","slug":"vos-dents-peuvent-reveler-la-quantite-de-rayonnement-a-laquelle-vous-avez-ete-expose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/fr\/2024\/02\/05\/vos-dents-peuvent-reveler-la-quantite-de-rayonnement-a-laquelle-vous-avez-ete-expose\/","title":{"rendered":"Vos dents peuvent r\u00e9v\u00e9ler la quantit\u00e9 de rayonnement \u00e0 laquelle vous avez \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Note:<\/strong> This article was originally published in Healthy Debate<\/em><\/a>. Republished under the Creative Commons licence with minor revisions approved by the author.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

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\n<\/div>\n

The world is experiencing a nuclear renaissance, and\u00a0Canada<\/a>\u00a0is no exception. There is increasing concern among radiation professionals about potential health and environmental hazards.<\/p>\n

Canada\u2019s aging nuclear power plants are being refurbished, medical isotope production is on the rise, and long-term nuclear waste strategies are unfolding. In addition, the Government of Canada is\u00a0promoting\u2014and spending\u00a0millions of dollars to support\u2014the development of small nuclear reactors (SMRs)<\/a> as part of a broader green\u00a0energy policy.<\/p>\n

In March 2023, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)\u00a0conducted a pre-licensing review of GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy\u2019s BWRX-300 SMR and \u201cdid not identify any fundamental barriers to licensing. However, the review did reveal some technical areas that need further development in order for GEH to better demonstrate adherence to CNSC requirements.\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

SMR pilot sites are well on their way to becoming a reality. This raises the bar for governments, the nuclear industry, and nuclear regulators to not only reassure but also demonstrate that the public is safe from long-term and accidental radiation exposure.<\/p>\n

Radiation doses for those living next to Canadian nuclear power plants is estimated based on radiation monitor readings and air, water, soil, and vegetation readings. Radiation data is collected as part of CNSC\u2019s regular monitoring program and\u00a0through its Independent Environmental Monitoring Program<\/a>.<\/p>\n

However, this information assumes that everyone receives the average radiation dose. Being able to measure radiation dose at the individual level is a powerful tool to inform, educate, and reassure people about the risk of living next to a nuclear power plant.<\/p>\n

It turns out that radiation causes stable\u00a0chemical changes\u00a0in tooth enamel, bones, and fingernails. These chemical changes can be used to estimate lifelong radiation exposure (also called retrospective dose estimation).[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Unlike bones and fingernails, which undergo continual turnover and remodeling, tooth enamel remains stable throughout a person\u2019s life. Tooth enamel is made up of carbonated hydroxyapatite, and radiation exposure to the enamel results in the cumulative production of molecules with unpaired electrons (free radicals, namely CO2<\/sub>). Electron paramagnetic resonance\u00a0(EPR) spectroscopy can measure free radical concentrations in extracted teeth or, hopefully soon, in the teeth still in your mouth.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

ERP was first used to estimate radiation dose to human tissues in\u00a01955.[4]<\/a> It has since been used to estimate doses in humans who were victims of nuclear incidents, such as Japanese atomic bomb\u00a0survivors,[5]<\/a> those living near or working in the former Soviet\u00a0Mayak<\/a>\u00a0nuclear power plant that released large amounts of radioactive material into the environment,[6]<\/a> and Chernobyl clean-up workers.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

More recently, EPR was used after the 2012 incident in which a\u00a0Peruvian\u00a0worker was exposed to an unshielded portable radiation source while taking X-ray pictures to assess the quality of welding in metal pipes.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

For the first time, researchers used EPR to measure lifelong radiation exposure in those living close to Canadian nuclear power plants.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

In 2021, for the first time, researchers used EPR to measure lifelong radiation exposure in residents living close to Canadian nuclear power plants.\u00a0The results were published in March 2023 in the\u00a0Health Physics<\/em> journal\u00a0by Lekhnath Ghimire, a postdoctoral student, and Edward Waller, faculty member at\u00a0Ontario Tech University\u00a0in Oshawa, ON.[9]<\/a> Ghimire and Waller partnered with local dentists to collect the teeth of permanent residents of Ontario\u2019s Durham region, which has two operating nuclear power plants\u2014Pickering and Darlington.\u00a0After receiving ethics approval and informed consent, the scientists collected 64 extracted teeth from dental patients aged 16 to 69 years old and analyzed them using EPR spectroscopy.<\/p>\n

Radiation dose is measured in Sieverts (Sv) and usually reported in units of 0.001\u00a0Sv or mSv.\u00a0According to the authors, background radiation in the Durham region is about 1.3\u00a0mSv per year and the EPR results found the average dose to residents to be about 2.0\u00a0mSv per year. They hypothesize that the difference between background and measured dose is a result of a combination of medical sources (X-ray, CT, nuclear medicine, radiation therapy) and the nuclear power plants.\u00a0CNSC estimates that the yearly radiation dose to the people living close to these nuclear power plants is about\u00a00.001\u00a0mSv\u00a0<\/a>or less. This is 1,000 times less than the maximum public dose limit of 1\u00a0mSv.<\/p>\n

Communicating the\u00a0risks\u00a0of chronic low-dose radiation to the public is challenging.[10]<\/a> Radiation is invisible, exposure is involuntary, the risks at low doses are uncertain, and large-scale nuclear accidents (such as Chernobyl and Fukushima) can create fear and dread.\u00a0Any strategy that can close the gap between the public\u2019s risk perception and actual risk should be strongly entertained by nuclear industries, regulators, and the Canadian government.<\/p>\n

Health\u00a0Canada\u2019s Radiation Protection Bureau<\/a>\u00a0provides expertise in assessing radiation doses, especially after radiation incidents. Although EPR is not a tool Health Canada currently uses, the research by Ghimire and Waller demonstrates that EPR may be a valuable additional tool to assess radiation risks in the general population.<\/p>\n

Future EPR surveys that take into account medical imaging would provide direct evidence of how much radiation individuals living around nuclear facilities are receiving.<\/p>\n

Although this added information will not satisfy everyone, especially those who ideologically oppose \u201call things nuclear,\u201d it may reassure many; reassurance and \u201cbuy in\u201d are essential in preparing Canadians for our rapidly evolving nuclear renaissance.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> BWRX-300 completes phases 1 & 2 of Canadian pre-licensing review. (2023, March 15).\u00a0World Nuclear News<\/em>. Retrieved from https:\/\/world-nuclear-news.org\/Articles\/BWRX-300-completes-Phases-1-2-of-Canadian-pre-lice<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Fattibene, P., et al<\/em>. (2023). Reflections on the future developments of research in retrospective physical dosimetry.\u00a0Physics Open<\/em>,\u00a014<\/em>, 100132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physo.2022.100132<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Fattibene, P., & Callens, F. (2010). EPR dosimetry with Tooth Enamel: A Review.\u00a0Applied Radiation and Isotopes<\/em>,\u00a068<\/em>(11), 2033\u20132116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apradiso.2010.05.016<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Gordy, W., Ard, W. B., & Shields, H. (1955). Microwave spectroscopy of biological substances. I. Paramagnetic resonance in x-irradiated amino acids and proteins.\u00a0Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em>,\u00a041<\/em>(11), 983\u2013996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.41.11.983\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Ikeya, M., Miyajima, J., & Okajima, S. (1984). ESR dosimetry for atomic bomb survivors using shell buttons and tooth enamel.\u00a0Japanese Journal of Applied Physics<\/em>,\u00a023<\/em>(9A). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1143\/jjap.23.l697<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Degteva, M.O.,\u00a0et al.<\/em>\u00a0(2015).\u00a0<\/span>Analysis of EPR and FISH studies of radiation doses in persons who lived in the upper reaches of the Techa River.\u00a0<\/span>Radiat Environ Biophys,\u00a054<\/em>, 433\u2013444. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00411-015-0611-8<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Chumak, V., Sholom, S., & Pasalskaya, L. (1999). Application of high precision EPR dosimetry with teeth for reconstruction of doses to Chernobyl populations.\u00a0Radiation Protection Dosimetry<\/em>,\u00a084<\/em>(1), 515\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032790<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> International Atomic Energy Agency (2018). The radiological accident in Chilca<\/em>, Non-serial publications. https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/publications\/11095\/the-radiological-accident-in-chilca<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Ghimire, L., & Waller, E. (2022). Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of lifetime doses in teeth of Durham Region residents, Ontario.\u00a0Health Physics<\/em>,\u00a0124<\/em>(3), 175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/hp.0000000000001650<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> International Atomic Energy Agency. (2016).\u00a0Communicating with the public and other interested parties<\/em>. IAEA. https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/topics\/communicating-with-stakeholders-and-the-public<\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\"the<\/p>\n

Healthy Debate<\/a>\u00a0publishes journalism\u00a0(clear, captivating op-eds and feature reports) about health care in Canada by the people whose lives it touches the most\u2014from physicians, patients, and caregivers to health journalists, academics, and advocates. Their unique focus on giving a platform to health-care insiders allows them to provide\u00a0detailed coverage of the inner workings\u2014and dysfunctions\u2014of this important sphere of Canadian society. They are a forum where the public can learn about, discuss, and debate health care in Canada and, importantly, imagine what it could become.<\/p>\n

\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n
\n

Sandor Demeter, un m\u00e9decin en physique nucl\u00e9aire et en sant\u00e9 publique et professeur agr\u00e9g\u00e9 au d\u00e9partement des sciences de la sant\u00e9 communautaire de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Manitoba, dit que le Canada conna\u00eet une renaissance nucl\u00e9aire. En effet, nos centrales nucl\u00e9aires vieillissantes sont en cours de r\u00e9novation, le d\u00e9veloppement de petits r\u00e9acteurs nucl\u00e9aires est propos\u00e9 dans le cadre de la politique d\u2019\u00e9nergie verte du gouvernement, la production des isotopes m\u00e9dicaux est en hausse et des strat\u00e9gies \u00e0 long terme en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9chets nucl\u00e9aires sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. Cela soul\u00e8ve des inqui\u00e9tudes chez les professionnels de la radioprotection par rapport aux dangers potentiels pour la sant\u00e9 et l\u2019environnement. Comment les gouvernements, l\u2019industrie nucl\u00e9aire et les organismes de r\u00e9glementation nucl\u00e9aire peuvent-ils, non seulement rassurer le public, mais aussi leur montrer qu\u2019ils sont \u00e0 l\u2019abri d\u2019une exposition aux rayonnements \u00e0 long terme et accidentelle?<\/p>\n

Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, les chercheurs canadiens ont utilis\u00e9 la r\u00e9sonance paramagn\u00e9tique \u00e9lectronique (RPE) sur les dents pour mesurer l\u2019exposition aux rayonnements tout au long de la vie des personnes qui vivent pr\u00e8s de centrales nucl\u00e9aires.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\"\"Dr. Sandor Demeter<\/h2>\n

Sandor est m\u00e9decin en physique nucl\u00e9aire et en sant\u00e9 publique et professeur agr\u00e9g\u00e9 au d\u00e9partement des sciences de la sant\u00e9 communautaire de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Manitoba. Il a rempli deux mandats en tant que membre de la Commission canadienne de sant\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire (CCSN), de m\u00eame que deux mandats en tant que membre de la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) Comit\u00e9\u00a03 (m\u00e9decine). Il est aussi membre du panel de r\u00e9vision expert des technologies de la sant\u00e9 de l\u2019Agence canadienne des m\u00e9dicaments et des technologies de la sant\u00e9 (ACMTS).<\/p>\n

Le Dr\u00a0Sandor Demeter a r\u00e9cemment effectu\u00e9 un stage postdoctoral en journalisme mondial \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole de sant\u00e9 publique Dalla Lana de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Toronto.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/h4>\n
\n

Vous voulez lire d\u2019autres articles comme celui-ci ?<\/h2>\n

Le\u00a0Bulletin<\/em> de l\u2019Association canadienne de la radioprotection (ACRP) est une publication essentielle \u00e0 tout professionnel de la radioprotection du Canada. Son contenu \u00e9ditorial procure aux professionnels de la radioprotection les enseignements, l\u2019information, les conseils et les solutions utiles, tous n\u00e9cessaires pour demeurer \u00e0 l\u2019avant-garde de la profession.<\/p>\n

Abonnez-vous aujourd\u2019hui pour que nous vous envoyions un courriel chaque fois qu\u2019un nouveau num\u00e9ro est mis en ligne. Revisitez souvent le site entre chaque num\u00e9ro pour obtenir les mises \u00e0 jour et consulter de nouveaux articles.<\/p>\n

Ne ratez aucun num\u00e9ro. Abonnez-vous d\u00e8s aujourd\u2019hui !<\/p>\nAbonnez-vous<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sandor Demeter dit que le Canada conna\u00eet une renaissance nucl\u00e9aire. Cela soul\u00e8ve des inqui\u00e9tudes chez les professionnels de la radioprotection par rapport aux dangers potentiels pour la sant\u00e9 et l\u2019environnement. Comment les gouvernements, l\u2019industrie nucl\u00e9aire et les organismes de r\u00e9glementation nucl\u00e9aire peuvent-ils, non seulement rassurer le public, mais aussi leur montrer qu\u2019ils sont \u00e0 l\u2019abri d\u2019une exposition aux rayonnements \u00e0 long terme et accidentelle? Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, les chercheurs canadiens ont utilis\u00e9 la r\u00e9sonance paramagn\u00e9tique \u00e9lectronique (RPE) sur les dents pour mesurer l\u2019exposition aux rayonnements tout au long de la vie des personnes qui vivent pr\u00e8s de centrales nucl\u00e9aires.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":124,"featured_media":5753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nVos dents peuvent r\u00e9v\u00e9ler la quantit\u00e9 de rayonnement \u00e0 laquelle vous avez \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9 - CRPA-ACRP Bulletin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sandor Demeter d\u00e9crit comment des chercheurs canadiens ont utilis\u00e9 la r\u00e9sonance paramagn\u00e9tique 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