{"id":7163,"date":"2025-09-17T12:00:07","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T18:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/?p=7163"},"modified":"2025-09-17T12:00:07","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T18:00:07","slug":"pionniers-et-pionnieres-en-matiere-de-radioactivite-au-canada-partie-2-le-role-du-radon-sur-la-sante-et-la-securite-des-travailleurs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/fr\/2025\/09\/17\/pionniers-et-pionnieres-en-matiere-de-radioactivite-au-canada-partie-2-le-role-du-radon-sur-la-sante-et-la-securite-des-travailleurs\/","title":{"rendered":"Pionniers et pionni\u00e8res en mati\u00e8re de radioactivit\u00e9 au Canada \u2013 Partie 2 : Le r\u00f4le du radon sur la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des travailleurs"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

Mining Monument, Elliot Lake (photo by XeresNelro)<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In the first article of this series<\/a>, we explored the life and legacy of Harriet Brooks, one of Canada\u2019s radioactive pioneers.\u00a0 Ms. Brooks was the first person to name radon, but she was far from the last person in the uranium-rich country of Canada whose life was touched by the invisible, deadly gas.<\/p>\n

In this second article, we spoke to John Perquin about the miners of Elliot Lake and radon\u2019s role in a pioneering moment for Canada\u2019s worker protection laws.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uranium mining in Canada today<\/h2>\n

Uranium is big business in Canada. Currently the world\u2019s second-largest producer, Canada puts out approximately 13% of the world\u2019s uranium, bringing in $800 million per year and employing over 2,000 Canadians at uranium mine sites.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

As we all know, where there is uranium, there will be radon. Nowadays, radon levels in uranium mines are carefully monitored and tightly controlled so that uranium mine workers aren\u2019t at an increased risk of lung cancer.[2]<\/a>\u00a0However, like so many developments in worker health and safety, this wasn\u2019t always so.<\/p>\n

Radon risks in Elliot Lake<\/h2>\n

John Perquin, who is now retired from his role as the assistant to the international secretary-treasurer, United Steelworkers, shares his insights.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe lessons learned and still to learn from Elliot Lake are not just related to the workplace,\u201d he says. \u201cAs tragic as the many needless workplace-related deaths were, people also died because of exposure to radon in their homes. In the late 1970s, Elliot Lake modified its building code to include the requirement of a fully functioning radon mitigation system in each newly constructed home. The merits and need for such a system were widely known and understood by the residents of Elliot Lake at the time.\u201d<\/p>\n

The uranium boom and worker neglect<\/h2>\n

Uranium mining in Canada boomed in the 1950s, fuelled by Cold War demand from the US. The hot spot at the time was Elliot Lake, which provided most of the world\u2019s uranium and was known as the Uranium Capital of the World. With a prospective \u201curanium rush,\u201d mines were established in record time and amongst frantic competition. From late 1954 through 1956, 12 uranium mines were established in Elliot Lake.[3]<\/a>\u00a0In such a booming industry, however, worker health and safety were left behind.<\/p>\n

Growing health crisis among miners<\/h2>\n

By the mid 1960s, Elliot Lake miners began falling ill with silicosis, lung cancer, and other lung diseases. The mining companies refused any financial support to afflicted miners, blaming the illnesses on the workers\u2019 smoking habits or improper use of safety equipment.<\/p>\n

The 1974 Elliot Lake Strike<\/h2>\n

Frustration among the miners grew, reaching a boiling point in 1974 when the miners discovered that a Ministry of Health study presented in Bordeaux, France, confirmed their illnesses were caused by conditions in the mines.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

On April 18, 1974, the Elliot Lake miners launched a wildcat strike with a list of demands that included 54 health and safety concerns to be addressed. The strike lasted a little over two weeks, but the impact of their job action is still being felt today.<\/p>\n

The Ham Commission and worker protection laws<\/h2>\n

In what would become known as the Ham Commission, Ontario\u2019s Premier ordered an investigation into the working conditions in the mines. The report issued by the Ham Commission in 1976 identified lung cancer and ionizing radiation among many other concerns and outlined the need for a new structure of laws to protect workers. This resulted in the Occupational Health and Safety Act, which was the first and most comprehensive law to protect workers in Ontario.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

The Radiation Safety Institute of Canada (RSIC) was also established as a result of the tragic mismanagement of risk in Elliot Lake, with the mission of protecting workers from excessive radiation exposure to avoid future disaster.[6]<\/a>\u00a0This includes running a dosimetry service to monitor underground uranium miners for exposure to radon progeny and long-lived radioactive dust.<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cThe most important thing to come out of mines is the miner.\u201d<\/p>\n

~ Frederic LePlay, French sociologist and inspector general of the mines of France in the late nineteenth century<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ignored warnings: radiation knowledge from the start<\/h2>\n

One of the most striking revelations of the Ham report, at least to a modern reader working to protect the public from the hazards of radon, is that the risk posed by radiation in the Elliot Lake mines was known from the very beginning.[7]<\/a> An internal advisory committee met regularly from 1956 through 1964 to gather information from other countries, and was advised by Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Radiation in the mines was measured and recorded from 1957 onwards. From the early 1960s, a committee worked to set up occupational records in order to assess the \u201cpresent and future lung cancer risk in uranium miners.\u201d[8]<\/a> These records formed the Nominal Roll of Uranium Miners, with estimates of mortality by cause of death. Reports were made to the Ministry of Health during the period of 1955 to 1970, and then updated in 1974 to include deaths from 1971 to 1972. All the while, miners continued working\u2014and getting sick\u2014completely unaware.<\/p>\n

When the findings of the Ministry of Health report became known to the miners, not only did the workers strike, but they also expressed their deep feelings of mistrust and betrayal. Union leaders stated at the time, \u201cwe have been led to believe through the years that the working environment in these mines was safe for us to work in. We have been deceived.\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"

The Miner’s Memorial is a tribute to the mining history of Elliot Lake, ON. This part is a tribute to all the miners who died as a result of working in the Uranium Mines. (photo by Selflearner1)<\/p><\/div>\n

Failing public awareness: radon in Canadian homes<\/h2>\n

While it is encouraging to know that workers throughout Canada are now much better protected from radiation and other hazards, when it comes to radon, uranium miners are not the only ones at risk. Indeed, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) now proudly proclaims that today\u2019s uranium workers \u201chave lower radon exposure in the workplace than in their homes.\u201d[9]<\/a>\u00a0So, while these workers are now well protected, the Canadian public all too frequently faces one of the same challenges the Elliot Lake miners faced 50 years ago\u2014ignorance of the risk.<\/p>\n

Despite the formation of the National Radon Program in 2007, and despite the continued efforts of a nationwide network of diverse and dedicated stakeholders, too many Canadians remain ignorant of the risks posed by radon in their homes. In certain cases, the situation can feel an awful lot like history repeating itself.<\/p>\n

Unheeded warnings in Manitoba<\/h2>\n

In a 1992 report commissioned by the Manitoba government to investigate radon levels across the province, the authors caution that \u201cthe highest mean radon concentrations were found in Dauphin and Morden, where mean ground-floor concentrations provide the same risk of lung cancer as smoking a package of cigarettes per day. The residents of those towns should be warned as soon as possible of the risk of radon and urged to test their homes and to reduce the radon concentrations if necessary.\u201d[10]<\/a>\u00a0Thirty-five years later, no action has been taken by the agency that commissioned the report. How many lives have been lost in the interim, with residents completely unaware of the danger lurking in their homes?<\/p>\n

Learning from the past\u2014educating the public today<\/h2>\n

As John Perquin reflects on the lessons from the past, he shares his concerns regarding the current situation with radon across Canada.<\/p>\n

\u201cCanada lacks a comprehensive program that helps its citizens understand the effects of radon exposure and its sources, such as their own homes, and how to mitigate against those exposures,\u201d he says. \u201cThere are patchwork programs here and there that are doing their best to fill the void, but frankly, it is not enough. Just because radon is a silent and invisible gas does not mean we should be silent and invisible. Until such time as the government steps up and does its part, we who understand have an obligation to educate.\u201d<\/p>\n

His statements are in line with the Ham Commission report, which phrased it well: \u201cThe Commission sees no excuse for not telling working people the truth, however difficult and imperfect that may be.\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

The same may be said for all Canadians; those in a position to spread awareness and information about radon must do everything in their power to do so, to help make all Canadians aware of the risks and take the first step toward protecting themselves.<\/p>\n

References<\/h2>\n

[1] <\/a>Natural Resources Canada. (n.d.). Uranium in Canada<\/em>. https:\/\/natural-resources.canada.ca\/energy-sources\/nuclear-energy-uranium\/uranium-canada<\/a>.<\/a><\/p>\n

[2] <\/a>Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. (2012, March). Radon in Canada\u2019s uranium industry<\/em>\u00a0[Fact sheet]. Government of Canada.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca\/eng\/resources\/fact-sheets\/radon-fact-sheet\/#risks<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> City of Elliot Lake. (n.d.). Uranium mining<\/em>.\u00a0https:\/\/www.elliotlake.ca\/en\/recreation-and-culture\/uranium-mining.aspx#The-Ontarian-Uranium-Rush<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> TV Ontario. (2023, November 9). Enough hot air, we want fresh air: How a wildcat miners\u2019 strike helped change Ontario labour law<\/em>.\u00a0https:\/\/www.tvo.org\/article\/enough-hot-air-we-want-fresh-air-how-a-wildcat-miners-strike-helped-change-ontario-labour-law<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Elliot Lake Today. (2023, July 3). How a wildcat mine walkout in Elliot Lake led to better health and safety<\/em>.\u00a0https:\/\/www.elliotlaketoday.com\/local-news\/how-a-wildcat-mine-walkout-in-elliot-lake-led-to-better-health-and-safety-9501940<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Radiation Safety Institute of Canada. (2024, July 16). Honouring the Elliot Lake miners: 50th anniversary of the wildcat strike \u2013 A legacy of safety<\/em>. https:\/\/radiationsafety.ca\/honouring-the-elliot-lake-miners-50th-anniversary-of-the-wildcat-strike-a-legacy-of-safety\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Ontario. Royal Commission on the Health and Safety of Workers in Mines. (1976). Report of the Royal Commission on the health and safety of workers in mines<\/em>\u00a0(Commissioner: James M. Ham). Ministry of the Attorney General. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/39091310130152\/page\/76\/mode\/1up<\/a>
\nHam report, page 76<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Ham report, page 77<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. (2012, March). Radon in Canada\u2019s uranium industry<\/em>\u00a0[Fact sheet]. Government of Canada.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca\/eng\/resources\/fact-sheets\/radon-fact-sheet\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Yuill, G. K. (1992). A survey of radon concentrations in Manitoba outside Winnipeg: Report to Manitoba Environment<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n
\n

Voici le deuxi\u00e8me article dans cette s\u00e9rie<\/a>. Il explore le boom de l\u2019uranium dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 au Canada, qui a fait d\u2019Elliott Lake la \u00ab\u00a0capitale mondiale de l\u2019uranium\u00a0\u00bb, mais qui a fait en sorte que les mineurs ont souffert de maladies d\u00e9vastatrices en raison de l\u2019exposition au radon et de conditions non s\u00e9curitaires.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 des preuves recueillies depuis le d\u00e9but, les compagnies ont refus\u00e9 de divulguer de l\u2019information sur les risques, bl\u00e2mant les travailleurs pour leur cancer en invoquant leur habitude de fumer ou leur mauvaise utilisation des \u00e9quipements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. En 1974, les mineurs d\u2019Elliott Lake ont d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une gr\u00e8ve historique qui a men\u00e9 \u00e0 la Commission Ham de l\u2019Ontario, l\u2019\u00e9laboration de la Loi sur la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au travail de la province et \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Institut de radioprotection du Canada.<\/p>\n

De nos jours, m\u00eame si les travailleurs sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9s, plusieurs Canadiens n\u2019ont toujours pas conscience des dangers du radon dans leur maison, faisant \u00e9cho aux \u00e9checs pass\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re d\u2019information et soulignant l\u2019urgence d\u2019une prise de conscience nationale.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\n

\"ErinErin Curry<\/h2>\n

Erin est ing\u00e9nieure m\u00e9canique et dirigeait auparavant sa propre entreprise d\u2019inspection de b\u00e2timents et de mesure du radon. Elle est pr\u00e9sentement directrice r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019Association canadienne des scientifiques et des technologues en radon (ACSTR) et chef de projet du programme \u00ab Occupe-toi du radon \u00bb. Pour soutenir les membres de l\u2019ACSTR, Erin apporte une richesse de connaissances et d\u2019exp\u00e9riences pratiques. Localis\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Montr\u00e9al, au Qu\u00e9bec, Erin est la ressource francophone pour toutes les initiatives de l\u2019ACSTR.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\n

Vous voulez lire d\u2019autres articles comme celui-ci ?<\/h2>\n

Le\u00a0Bulletin<\/em> de l\u2019Association canadienne de la radioprotection (ACRP) est une publication essentielle \u00e0 tout professionnel de la radioprotection du Canada. Son contenu \u00e9ditorial procure aux professionnels de la radioprotection les enseignements, l\u2019information, les conseils et les solutions utiles, tous n\u00e9cessaires pour demeurer \u00e0 l\u2019avant-garde de la profession.<\/p>\n

Abonnez-vous aujourd\u2019hui pour que nous vous envoyions un courriel chaque fois qu\u2019un nouveau num\u00e9ro est mis en ligne. Revisitez souvent le site entre chaque num\u00e9ro pour obtenir les mises \u00e0 jour et consulter de nouveaux articles.<\/p>\n

Ne ratez aucun num\u00e9ro. Abonnez-vous d\u00e8s aujourd\u2019hui !<\/p>\nAbonnez-vous<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les mineurs d\u2019uranium \u00e0 Elliot Lake ont d\u00e9couvert des risques mortels li\u00e9s au radon et ont d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une gr\u00e8ve qui a transform\u00e9 les lois en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des travailleurs au Canada. Bien que des protections existent maintenant pour les mineurs, plusieurs Canadiens n\u2019ont toujours pas conscience des dangers du radon dans leur maison. D\u00e9couvrez l\u2019histoire, ses effets durables et la raison pour laquelle il est toujours aussi urgent de sensibiliser la population aux dangers du radon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":7160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nPionniers et pionni\u00e8res en mati\u00e8re de radioactivit\u00e9 au Canada \u2013 Partie 2 : Le r\u00f4le du radon sur la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des travailleurs - CRPA-ACRP Bulletin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez comment les mineurs d\u2019Elliott Lake ont d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 les risques li\u00e9s au radon, transformant les lois canadiennes sur la radioprotection et pourquoi il est toujours aussi important de prot\u00e9ger la population canadienne du radon.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/fr\/2025\/09\/17\/pionniers-et-pionnieres-en-matiere-de-radioactivite-au-canada-partie-2-le-role-du-radon-sur-la-sante-et-la-securite-des-travailleurs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pionniers et pionni\u00e8res en mati\u00e8re de radioactivit\u00e9 au Canada \u2013 Partie 2 : Le r\u00f4le du radon sur la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des travailleurs - CRPA-ACRP Bulletin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez comment les mineurs d\u2019Elliott Lake ont d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 les risques li\u00e9s au radon, transformant les lois canadiennes sur la radioprotection et pourquoi il est toujours aussi important de prot\u00e9ger la population canadienne du radon.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/fr\/2025\/09\/17\/pionniers-et-pionnieres-en-matiere-de-radioactivite-au-canada-partie-2-le-role-du-radon-sur-la-sante-et-la-securite-des-travailleurs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CRPA-ACRP Bulletin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-17T18:00:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.crpa-acrp-bulletin.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Elliot_Lake-feature.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erin Curry, directrice r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019Association canadienne des scientifiques et des technologues en radon (ACSTR)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" 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